In the Hindu lunar calendar, Amavasya (अमावस्या - New Moon) and Purnima (पूर्णिमा - Full Moon) mark the two powerful cosmic fulcrums of the monthly lunar cycle. They delineate the culmination of the two fortnights (Pakshas): the waxing Shukla Paksha and the waning Krishna Paksha.
The Astronomical Alignment
- 1Amavasya (New Moon): Occurs when the Sun and Moon share the exact same celestial longitude (0-degree angular separation, known as astronomical conjunction). Seen from Earth, the illuminated hemisphere of the Moon faces entirely away from us, leaving the night sky dark. It is the 15th and final Tithi of Krishna Paksha.
- 2Purnima (Full Moon): Occurs when the Sun and Moon are positioned directly opposite each other across the Earth (180-degree angular separation, known as astronomical opposition). The Moon's entire earthward face is fully illuminated by the Sun. It is the 15th and final Tithi of Shukla Paksha.
Spiritual and Cultural Significance
• Amavasya: Ancestral Honor & Inner Reflection:
Amavasya is traditionally dedicated to Pitru Tarpana (reverence to ancestors) and introspection. The darkness of the night turns spiritual focus inward. Notable Amavasyas include:
• Purnima: Auspicious Beginnings & Satyanarayan Vrat:
Purnima is associated with abundance, spiritual effulgence, and celebration. Most Hindu households observe a fast and perform the Sri Satyanarayan Katha on Purnima evenings. Famous Purnimas include:
Understanding Sunrise vs. Sunset Timings
Because a lunar Tithi is determined by celestial degrees rather than clock hours, an Amavasya or Purnima tithi often starts midway through a civil day and ends on the next.
Apna Panchang calculates the exact start and end clocks of both Amavasya and Purnima for your specific town to ensure accurate ritual observance.
